विधियों की तुलना करें

	ब्रेउश-गॉडफ्रे एलएम टेस्ट (Breusch-Godfrey LM Test) फॉर सीरियल कोरिलेशन	ऑटोरेग्रेसिव इंटीग्रेटेड मूविंग एवरेज (ARIMA) मॉडल	डर्बिन-वॉटसन परीक्षण (Durbin-Watson Test) स्वत: सहसंबंध (Autocorrelation) के लिए	साधारण न्यूनतम वर्ग (OLS) समाश्रयण
क्षेत्र	अर्थमिति	अर्थमिति	अर्थमिति	अर्थमिति
परिवार	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
उद्भव वर्ष	1978	2015	1950	2019
प्रवर्तक	Trevor Breusch & Leslie Godfrey	Box & Jenkins (Box-Jenkins methodology)	James Durbin & Geoffrey Watson	Wooldridge (textbook treatment); classical least squares
प्रकार	Lagrange-multiplier test for serial correlation	Univariate time-series model	Test for first-order residual autocorrelation	Linear regression
मौलिक स्रोत	Godfrey, L. G. (1978). Testing against general autoregressive and moving average error models when the regressors include lagged dependent variables. Econometrica, 46(6), 1293–1301.	Box, G. E. P., Jenkins, G. M., Reinsel, G. C. & Ljung, G. M. (2015). Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control (5th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-1118675021	Durbin, J., & Watson, G. S. (1950). Testing for serial correlation in least squares regression: I. Biometrika, 37(3/4), 409–428.	Wooldridge, J. M. (2019). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1337558860
उपनाम	BG test, LM test for autocorrelation, Breusch-Godfrey serial correlation test, Breusch-Godfrey otokorelasyon testi	Box-Jenkins model, ARIMA(p,d,q), ARIMA Modeli	DW test, Durbin-Watson statistic, Durbin-Watson otokorelasyon testi	ordinary least squares, classical linear regression, linear regression, en küçük kareler regresyonu
संबंधित	3	5	4	5
सारांश	The Breusch-Godfrey test is a Lagrange-multiplier test for serial correlation in regression residuals, developed independently by Trevor Breusch (1978) and Leslie Godfrey (1978). Unlike the Durbin-Watson test, it detects autocorrelation up to any chosen order p, remains valid when the model includes lagged dependent variables, and produces a definite chi-square p-value rather than an inconclusive region — making it the modern standard for autocorrelation testing.	ARIMA is a univariate time-series forecasting model that combines autoregressive, integrated (differencing), and moving-average components to predict a single continuous series from its own past. It is the centrepiece of the Box-Jenkins methodology set out in Box, Jenkins, Reinsel & Ljung's Time Series Analysis (5th ed., 2015).	The Durbin-Watson test, developed by James Durbin and Geoffrey Watson in 1950–1951, detects first-order serial correlation in the residuals of a linear regression. Its statistic ranges from 0 to 4, with a value near 2 indicating no autocorrelation, values toward 0 indicating positive autocorrelation, and values toward 4 indicating negative autocorrelation. It remains one of the most reported regression diagnostics despite well-known limitations.	Ordinary Least Squares is the classical linear regression method that explains a continuous outcome as a linear combination of predictors. It estimates the coefficients by minimising the sum of squared residuals, and under the Gauss-Markov assumptions these estimates are the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE).