Process / pipelineteam-dynamics-and-cohesion

Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ)

The GEQ is an 18-item instrument measuring team cohesion—the degree to which team members feel attracted to the group and perceive the group as unified around shared task and social goals. Developed by Carron, Widmeyer, and Brawley in 1985, the GEQ has become the gold standard for measuring cohesion in sport teams and is used to predict team performance, member satisfaction, and team retention.

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Sources

  1. Carron, A. V., Widmeyer, W. N., & Brawley, L. R. (1985). The development of an instrument to assess cohesiveness in sport teams: The Group Environment Questionnaire. Journal of Sport Psychology, 7(3), 244–266. DOI: 10.1123/jsp.7.3.244
  2. Eys, M. A., Carron, A. V., Bray, S. R., & Beauchamp, M. R. (2003). The relationship between correlates of cohesion and attendance in interactive and coactive sport teams. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 25(1), 59–72. DOI: 10.1123/jsep.25.1.59

Related methods

ScholarGateGroup Environment Questionnaire (Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ)). Retrieved 2026-06-04 from https://scholargate.app/en/sport-psychology/team-cohesion-questionnaire