Skip to contentScholarGate
LibraryBookshelfDeskReview StudioAssistant
Sign in
Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling/Evidence
Method evidence record

Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling

Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) is a hybrid approach that combines exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and path modeling, developed by Asparouhov and Muthén (2009). ESEM relaxes restrictive zero-loading assumptions of traditional CFA, allowing all indicators to load on all factors, which can reveal cross-factor complexity and improve model fit while retaining the ability to test substantive structural theories.

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Source record

Citations copied verbatim from the method’s source record. No claim-level verification is inferred from them.

Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling
Taxonomic method record · latent-structure / psychometrics
  • Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. (2009). Exploratory structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 16(3), 397-438. · DOI 10.1080/10705510903008204
  • Marsh, H. W., Lüdtke, O., Muthén, B., Asparouhov, T., Morin, A. J., Trautwein, U., & Nagengast, B. (2010). A new perspective on structural equation modeling: Guest editors' introduction. Structural Equation Modeling, 17(3), 357-370. · URL
  • Muthén, B., & Asparouhov, T. (2012). Bayesian structural equation modeling: A more flexible representation of substantive theory. Psychological Methods, 17(3), 313-335. · DOI 10.1037/a0026802
Open full method

Curated claims

Claims persisted in the evidence ledger, each with its own assessment.

No curated claims yet

This view does not invent a claim assessment when the ledger has none.

Related methods

Generated from the method graph and shown as machine-suggested relations — no evidence claim is inferred.

Same method familyLatent Transition Analysismachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyPartial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelingmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyRule Space Methodologymachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyWordfishmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyWordscoresmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.

Evidence status

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Bibliographic sources are present. Claim-level evidence review has not been performed.

Sources

3 recorded citations, copied from the method source record.

Actions

Open method page
ScholarGate

A content-first reference library for research methods — what each one is, how it works, and where it comes from.

Open data (CC-BY)

Explore

  • Library
  • Search the library…
  • Browse by field
  • Fields
  • Journey
  • Compare
  • Which method?

Reference

  • Subjects
  • Atlas
  • Glossary
  • Methodology
  • Philosophy

Your tools

  • Bookshelf
  • Desk
  • Chat

Company

  • About
  • Pricing
  • Contact
  • Suggest a method

Entries are compiled from published sources for reference. Verifying the accuracy and suitability of any information for your own use remains your responsibility.

© 2026 ScholarGate · A research-method reference library
  • Privacy
  • Cookies
  • Terms
  • Delete account