Ordered Weighted Averaging
OWA (Ordered Weighted Averaging) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Yager, R. R. in 1988; GIS extension 1997. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
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When to use it
V(A^o_i) ∈ [0,1] after linear-max value scaling. Higher score = more preferred alternative. The score interpretation depends on order weights: with optimistic λ (high ORness), the score rewards alternatives strong on at least one criterion; with pessimistic λ (low ORness), it rewards alternatives performing well across all criteria. The ORness and trade-off statistics printed alongside the ranking reveal which decision strategy was applied.
Strengths & limitations
- Follows a transparent, reproducible computational procedure that can be audited step by step.
- Handles multiple criteria of differing scales and units within a single decision matrix.
- May exhibit rank reversal when alternatives are added to or removed from the set.
Sources
- Yager, R. R. (1988). On ordered weighted averaging aggregation operators in multicriteria decision making. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics DOI: 10.1109/21.87068 ↗
How to cite this page
ScholarGate. (2026, June 2). Ordered Weighted Averaging. ScholarGate. https://scholargate.app/en/decision-making/owa
Which method?
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