方法证据记录
Hierarchical Causal-Comparative Research
Hierarchical causal-comparative research is a non-experimental quantitative design that compares pre-existing groups on an outcome variable while explicitly modeling the nested structure of the data. Participants are clustered within higher-level units — students within classrooms, employees within organizations — and the design uses multilevel analytical techniques to distinguish group differences at each level. The cause-and-effect inference is strengthened by accounting for variance attributable to the hierarchy rather than misattributing it to individual-level group membership.
源记录
引文逐字复制自方法源记录。这些引文不代表任何层级的验证。
Hierarchical Causal-Comparative Research Design
分类方法记录 · process-pipeline / research-design
- Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods (2nd ed.). Sage. · ISBN 978-0761919049
- Kerlinger, F. N. (1986). Foundations of Behavioral Research (3rd ed.). Holt, Rinehart and Winston. · ISBN 978-0030417542
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