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| 游客满意度量表× | 游客忠诚度量表× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 旅游管理 | 旅游管理 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1990s | 2000 |
| 提出者≠ | Multiple authors (composite instrument) | Oppermann, M. |
| 类型 | Self-report questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| 开创性文献≠ | Akama, J. S., & Kieti, D. M. (1996). Tourism and socio-economic change in a Kenyan coastal community. Journal of Tourism Studies, 7(2), 45-61. link ↗ | Oppermann, M. (2000). Tourism destination loyalty. Journal of Travel Research, 39(1), 78-84. DOI ↗ |
| 别名≠ | TSS | TLS, Destination Loyalty Scale |
| 相关 | 5 | 5 |
| 摘要≠ | The Tourist Satisfaction Scale (TSS) measures overall and domain-specific satisfaction of visitors to a destination or tourism facility. Developed across multiple research streams in the 1990s-2000s, it quantifies how well tourism experiences meet visitor expectations across accommodation, attractions, service quality, and value. Essential for destination marketing organizations and hospitality managers seeking systematic feedback on visitor experiences and competitive benchmarking. | The Tourist Loyalty Scale (TLS) measures the extent to which visitors intend to return to a destination and recommend it to others, reflecting behavioral commitment and preference relative to competing destinations. Developed by Oppermann (2000) and refined across multiple tourism contexts, the TLS captures the ultimate outcome of satisfaction and destination image—willingness to invest time and money in repeat visitation and endorsement. As the true measure of competitive advantage in tourism, loyalty drives revenue stability, positive reputation, and ecosystem resilience. |
| ScholarGate数据集 ↗ |
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