方法对比

	TGARCH 模型（阈值 GARCH）	自回归积分滑动平均模型 (ARIMA)	EGARCH model
领域	计量经济学	计量经济学	计量经济学
方法族	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
起源年份	1993-1994	1970	1991
提出者	Zakoian (1994); Glosten, Jagannathan & Runkle (1993)	George Box and Gwilym Jenkins	Daniel B. Nelson
类型	Asymmetric volatility model	Time series forecasting model	Volatility / conditional variance model
开创性文献	Zakoian, J.-M. (1994). Threshold heteroskedastic models. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 18(5), 931-955.	Box, G. E. P., & Jenkins, G. M. (1970). Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control. Holden-Day.	Nelson, D. B. (1991). Conditional heteroskedasticity in asset returns: A new approach. Econometrica, 59(2), 347–370.
别名	Threshold GARCH, TGARCH, GJR-GARCH, asymmetric GARCH	ARIMA, Box-Jenkins model, integrated ARMA, ARIMA(p,d,q)	Exponential GARCH, EGARCH, Nelson EGARCH, log-GARCH
相关	6	6	6
摘要	The Threshold GARCH (TGARCH) model extends the standard GARCH framework by allowing positive and negative return shocks to have asymmetric effects on conditional variance. Negative shocks — bad news — typically amplify volatility more than positive shocks of the same magnitude, a stylised fact known as the leverage effect. TGARCH captures this asymmetry through a threshold indicator that switches on when the previous period's shock was negative.	The ARIMA(p,d,q) model is the standard workhorse for univariate time series forecasting. It combines autoregressive terms (past values), differencing to induce stationarity, and moving average terms (past shocks) into a unified linear framework. Developed by Box and Jenkins (1970), it remains one of the most widely applied models in econometrics and applied statistics.	The Exponential GARCH (EGARCH) model, introduced by Nelson (1991), extends the standard GARCH framework by modelling the logarithm of conditional variance. This ensures variance is always positive without parameter constraints and, crucially, allows negative and positive shocks to have asymmetric effects on volatility — capturing the well-known leverage effect in financial markets.