方法对比
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| 筛查试验评估× | Kaplan-Meier分析× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 流行病学 | 流行病学 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1968 (Wilson-Jungner principles); statistical framework developed 1970s–2000s | 1958 |
| 提出者≠ | Wilson & Jungner (WHO criteria, 1968); foundational work by Pepe, Altman, and others in statistical test evaluation | Edward L. Kaplan and Paul Meier |
| 类型≠ | Observational diagnostic / epidemiological evaluation design | Nonparametric survival estimator |
| 开创性文献≠ | Wilson, J. M. G., & Jungner, G. (1968). Principles and Practice of Screening for Disease. World Health Organization. Public Health Papers No. 34. link ↗ | Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1958). Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 53(282), 457–481. DOI ↗ |
| 别名 | screening study, screening performance evaluation, screening accuracy assessment, STE | KM analysis, KM estimator, product-limit estimator, Kaplan-Meier curve |
| 相关≠ | 6 | 5 |
| 摘要≠ | Screening test evaluation is a systematic epidemiological approach for assessing whether a test or program can accurately and cost-effectively identify individuals with a condition before symptoms appear. It quantifies diagnostic performance metrics — sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and the ROC curve — and evaluates whether a screening program meets established public health criteria for adoption and harm-benefit balance. | Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis is a nonparametric method for estimating the survival function from time-to-event data. Introduced by Kaplan and Meier in 1958, it produces the classic step-function survival curve that shows the probability of surviving beyond each observed event time, correctly accounting for censored observations — participants who left the study or had not yet experienced the event by the end of follow-up. It is one of the most widely used techniques in clinical and epidemiological research. |
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