方法对比

	丰富图像（Rich Picture）	软系统方法论 (SSM)	战略选择方法
领域	问题结构化	问题结构化	问题结构化
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1981	1981	2005
提出者	Peter Checkland	Peter Checkland	John Friend & Allen Hickling
类型	Diagrammatic problem-structuring tool	Interpretive problem-structuring methodology	Iterative group-based problem structuring and decision process
开创性文献	Checkland, P. (1981). Systems Thinking, Systems Practice. Wiley. ISBN: 978-0-471-27911-2	Checkland, P. (1981). Systems Thinking, Systems Practice. Wiley. ISBN: 978-0-471-27911-2	Friend, J., & Hickling, A. (2005). Planning Under Pressure: The Strategic Choice Approach (3rd ed.). Elsevier. ISBN: 978-0-7506-6373-2
别名	Rich Picture Diagram, Soft Systems Picture, Situation Summary Diagram, Zengin Resim	SSM, Checkland's SSM, Soft Systems Analysis, Yumuşak Sistemler Metodolojisi	SCA, Planning Under Pressure, Stratejik Seçim Yaklaşımı, Interactive Strategic Planning
相关	3	3	2
摘要	A Rich Picture is a free-form, annotated drawing used in the early exploratory stage of Soft Systems Methodology to represent the full complexity of a problematic situation. Developed by Peter Checkland at Lancaster University, it captures people, roles, concerns, processes, conflicts, and environmental factors in a single visual canvas. It is used primarily by systems analysts, organizational consultants, and action researchers who need to surface multiple stakeholder perspectives before imposing any formal structure on a messy, ill-defined problem.	Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) is an interpretive, action-research approach for structuring and managing complex, ill-defined ('soft') problem situations involving human activity. Developed by Peter Checkland at Lancaster University throughout the 1970s and formally presented in 1981, SSM guides practitioners through iterative cycles of inquiry that move from an unstructured problem situation to purposeful action through structured learning rather than optimization.	The Strategic Choice Approach (SCA) is an interactive, workshop-based problem structuring method developed by John Friend and Allen Hickling, first published in 1987 and refined in the definitive third edition of Planning Under Pressure (2005). SCA helps groups of planners and stakeholders manage interconnected decisions under uncertainty by explicitly mapping decision areas, option combinations, and sources of uncertainty before committing to action.