方法对比

	前瞻性嵌套病例对照研究	嵌套病例对照研究
领域	流行病学	流行病学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1977	1973–1977
提出者	D.C. Thomas (formal description); building on Mantel (1973) and Liddell, McDonald & Thomas (1977)	Nathan Mantel (1973); D. C. Thomas (1977 formalization)
类型	Observational analytic design	Hybrid observational study design
开创性文献	Thomas, D.C. (1977). Addendum to: Methods of cohort analysis: Appraisal by application to asbestos mining. By F.D.K. Liddell, J.C. McDonald, and D.C. Thomas. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 140(4), 469-491.	Thomas, D. C. (1977). Addendum to: Methods of cohort analysis: Appraisal by application to asbestos mining. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 140(4), 469–491.
别名	prospective NCC, nested case-control within prospective cohort, prospective case-control within cohort, incident NCC	NCC study, nested CC design, case-control within cohort, density sampling case-control
相关	5	6
摘要	A prospective nested case-control study enrolls a cohort before disease onset, follows participants forward in time, and then — once cases develop — samples matched controls from those still at risk at the time each case occurs. By embedding the case-control comparison inside a prospective cohort, the design combines the causal clarity of longitudinal follow-up with the cost efficiency of analysing only a fraction of the cohort's stored specimens or records.	A nested case-control study is an efficient observational design embedded within a defined cohort. For each participant who develops the outcome of interest (a case), a small number of matched controls are sampled from those still at risk at the same point in time. This density-sampling strategy yields odds ratios that approximate incidence-rate ratios from the full cohort at a fraction of the data-collection cost — making it the preferred alternative when measuring exposures for all cohort members would be prohibitively expensive or technically demanding.