方法对比

	在线结构化访谈	结构化访谈
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Late 1990s–2000s (with widespread adoption post-2010)	1940s–1950s
提出者	Emerged from structured interview methodology adapted for internet-mediated communication	Survey research tradition; formalized by Campbell, Katona, and Kahn in mid-20th century
类型	Quantitative/standardized data collection technique	Quantitative / mixed data collection technique
开创性文献	Salmons, J. (2015). Qualitative Online Interviews: Strategies, Design, and Skills (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1452283500	Fontana, A., & Frey, J. H. (2000). The interview: From structured questions to negotiated text. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (2nd ed., pp. 645–672). Sage.
别名	web-based structured interview, virtual structured interview, digital structured interview, e-interview (structured)	standardized interview, formal interview, schedule-based interview, fixed-format interview
相关	4	4
摘要	An online structured interview applies the classical structured interview protocol — a fixed set of predetermined questions asked in a fixed order — via internet-mediated channels such as video conferencing, synchronous chat, or email. Every participant receives the exact same questions, enabling systematic comparison across respondents while eliminating geographic barriers. It combines the standardization benefits of face-to-face structured interviewing with the reach, cost efficiency, and scheduling flexibility of online data collection.	A structured interview is a data collection technique in which every participant is asked exactly the same pre-specified questions in the same order, using standardized wording. Because the interview schedule is fixed, responses across participants are directly comparable, enabling quantitative aggregation and statistical analysis. It sits at the most standardized end of the interview continuum, between the self-administered questionnaire and the semi-structured interview.