方法对比

	名义小组技术	内容分析	德尔菲法
领域	质性	质性	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1971	Systematised through Krippendorff's methodology work; 4th edition 2018	1963
提出者	André L. Delbecq and Andrew H. Van de Ven	Klaus Krippendorff (systematic formulation); roots in early 20th-century communications research	Norman Dalkey & Olaf Helmer (RAND Corporation)
类型	Qualitative research method	Qualitative / mixed-method research technique	Structured iterative expert-elicitation process
开创性文献	Delbecq, A. L., & Van de Ven, A. H. (1971). A group process model for problem identification and program planning. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 7(4), 466–492.	Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology (4th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506395661	Dalkey, N. & Helmer, O. (1963). An Experimental Application of the Delphi Method to the Use of Experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458-467.
别名	NGT, structured group process, nominal group process, priority-setting group method	İçerik Analizi, systematic content coding, quantitative content analysis	Delphi Yöntemi, Delphi technique, expert consensus method
相关	6	5	5
摘要	The Nominal Group Technique (NGT) is a structured group facilitation method designed to generate and prioritise ideas, problems, or solutions while ensuring equal participation from all members. Developed by Delbecq and Van de Ven in 1971, it combines silent individual idea generation with structured group discussion and systematic voting to produce a ranked list of priorities. Unlike unstructured focus groups, NGT prevents dominant voices from suppressing quieter participants, making it especially valuable for needs assessment, program planning, and stakeholder priority-setting in applied research and policy contexts.	Content analysis is a systematic research technique for reducing text, visual, or media material into coded categories so that patterns can be counted, compared, and interpreted. Formalised by Klaus Krippendorff in his widely cited methodology textbook (latest edition 2018), the method sits at the boundary of qualitative and quantitative inquiry: it imposes structured, replicable coding on inherently meaning-laden material.	The Delphi method is a structured, iterative survey technique developed by Norman Dalkey and Olaf Helmer at the RAND Corporation in 1963 for eliciting and converging expert opinion on complex topics where empirical data are unavailable or insufficient. It collects independent judgements from a geographically dispersed expert panel over multiple anonymous rounds, feeding aggregated results back to participants after each round so they can revise their views in light of the group's collective position.