方法对比

	多中心病例对照研究	匹配病例对照研究
领域	流行病学	流行病学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Mid-20th century; multicenter framework formalised 1970s–1980s	1950s–1970s
提出者	Epidemiology convention; seminal statistical framework by Breslow & Day (IARC, 1980)	Brian MacMahon and others; systematised by Schlesselman (1982)
类型	Observational analytical epidemiological design	Observational analytic design
开创性文献	Breslow, N. E., & Day, N. E. (1980). Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Volume I: The Analysis of Case-Control Studies. IARC Scientific Publications No. 32. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon. ISBN: 978-9283211327	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755474
别名	multisite case-control study, collaborative case-control study, pooled case-control study, multi-institutional case-control study	matched case-referent study, individually matched case-control, pair-matched case-control, matched case-control design
相关	6	5
摘要	A multicenter case-control study is an observational design that identifies individuals who have developed a disease (cases) and disease-free comparators (controls) across two or more study sites simultaneously. By pooling recruitment across hospitals, clinics, or geographic regions, the design achieves larger sample sizes, captures exposure variability over broader populations, and improves the statistical power needed to detect modest odds ratios for rare or heterogeneous diseases.	A matched case-control study is an observational epidemiological design in which each case (a person with the disease or outcome of interest) is paired with one or more controls (persons without the outcome) who share one or more characteristics — such as age, sex, or clinical setting — to control confounding. Exposure history is then compared between cases and their matched controls to estimate the odds ratio of the exposure-disease association.