方法对比
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| 多组别项目功能差异 (MG-DIF)× | 差异项目功能 (DIF)× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 心理测量学 | 心理测量学 |
| 方法族 | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| 起源年份≠ | 1980s-1990s | 1970s–1993 |
| 提出者≠ | Shealy & Stout (SIBTEST framework); Lord (IRT-based DIF) | William H. Angoff and colleagues (ETS); systematized by Holland & Wainer |
| 类型≠ | Measurement bias detection | Item-level bias detection |
| 开创性文献≠ | Millsap, R. E. (2012). Statistical Approaches to Measurement Invariance. Routledge. ISBN: 978-1848728936 | Holland, P. W. & Wainer, H. (Eds.) (1993). Differential Item Functioning. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 978-0805809589 |
| 别名 | MG-DIF, multi-group DIF, differential item functioning across groups, multiple-group DIF analysis | DIF, item bias analysis, measurement non-equivalence, item-level measurement bias |
| 相关≠ | 6 | 5 |
| 摘要≠ | Multi-group differential item functioning examines whether test or scale items function equivalently across three or more distinct groups — such as gender, ethnicity, or country — after matching respondents on the underlying trait being measured. Items that behave differently across groups threaten fair measurement and valid score comparisons. | Differential item functioning identifies test or survey items that behave differently for examinees from different groups — such as gender, ethnicity, or language background — after controlling for the underlying ability or trait being measured. DIF analysis is essential for fairness evaluation in educational testing and psychological scale development. |
| ScholarGate数据集 ↗ |
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