方法对比

	混合方差分析	协方差分析 (ANCOVA)	单因素方差分析	配对样本 t 检验
领域	统计学	统计学	统计学	统计学
方法族	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
起源年份	1925	1932	1925	1908
提出者	R. A. Fisher (ANOVA framework); split-plot design formalised in agricultural experimentation	Ronald A. Fisher	Ronald A. Fisher	Student (W. S. Gosset)
类型	Parametric factorial ANOVA	Parametric group comparison with covariate control	Parametric mean comparison	Parametric mean comparison (paired)
开创性文献	Field, A. (2018). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics (5th ed.). SAGE. ISBN: 978-1526419521	Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0205849574	Fisher, R. A. (1925). Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.	Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics (4th ed.). SAGE. ISBN: 978-1446249185
别名	split-plot ANOVA, mixed-design ANOVA, between-within ANOVA, Karma ANOVA (Mixed ANOVA — Gruplar Arası × Tekrarlı)	analysis of covariance, covariance analysis, ANCOVA (Kovaryans Analizi)	one-factor ANOVA, single-factor ANOVA, analysis of variance, tek yönlü ANOVA	dependent samples t-test, repeated measures t-test, matched-pairs t-test, eşleştirilmiş örneklem t-testi
相关	6	4	4	4
摘要	Mixed ANOVA is a parametric factorial analysis of variance that simultaneously examines at least one between-subjects factor and at least one within-subjects (repeated-measures) factor. Rooted in R. A. Fisher's ANOVA framework formalised in 1925, it is the standard method for experimental and longitudinal designs in which different groups are each measured across multiple time points or conditions.	ANCOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that compares the adjusted means of two or more independent groups while statistically controlling for one or more continuous covariates. By removing the portion of outcome variance explained by the covariate, ANCOVA increases statistical precision and produces fairer group comparisons. The method builds on the general linear model framework consolidated by Fisher in the early 1930s and is described comprehensively by Tabachnick and Fidell (2013).	One-way ANOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that compares the means of three or more independent groups on a single continuous outcome to decide whether at least one group mean differs. It rests on the variance-partitioning framework introduced by Ronald A. Fisher in 1925.	The paired samples t-test is a parametric hypothesis test that compares two measurements taken on the same subjects — such as a before and after reading — to decide whether the average change differs from zero. It rests on the t-distribution introduced by Student (W. S. Gosset) in 1908 and works on the within-subject difference scores rather than the raw measurements.