方法对比

	个体模拟	基于主体的建模（ABM）
领域	仿真	仿真
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1957	1970s–1990s (formalized as a field)
提出者	Guy Orcutt (concept, 1957); modern tax-transfer frameworks developed through EUROMOD and related projects	Thomas Schelling and Robert Axelrod (foundational contributions, 1970s–1990s)
类型	Policy simulation / computational social science	Computational simulation method
开创性文献	O'Donoghue, C. (Ed.) (2014). Handbook of Microsimulation Modelling. Emerald.	Axelrod, R. (1997). The Complexity of Cooperation: Agent-Based Models of Competition and Collaboration. Princeton University Press.
别名	Mikrosimülasyon, micro-simulation, policy microsimulation	ABM, Ajan Tabanlı Modelleme (ABM), multi-agent simulation, individual-based modeling
相关	5	5
摘要	Microsimulation is a computational method that simulates policy effects by operating directly on a population of individual micro-units — households, firms, patients — and applying rules to each unit according to its own demographic, economic, and behavioural characteristics. Developed conceptually by Guy Orcutt in 1957, it has become the standard tool for evaluating tax reform, pension systems, and health policy before implementation.	Agent-based modeling (ABM) is a computational simulation method, formalized through the work of Thomas Schelling and Robert Axelrod in the 1970s–1990s, that simulates the behavior of complex systems by specifying and running autonomous agents — individuals, firms, cells, or any bounded entity — whose local interactions with each other and with their environment collectively produce global, system-level patterns that could not be predicted from any single agent's rules alone.