方法对比

	匹配的嵌套病例对照研究	匹配病例对照研究
领域	流行病学	流行病学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1970s	1950s–1970s
提出者	Mantel (1973), Thomas (1977); formalized by Breslow & Day (1980)	Brian MacMahon and others; systematised by Schlesselman (1982)
类型	Observational analytic study design	Observational analytic design
开创性文献	Rothman, K.J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T.L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755474
别名	matched NCC study, nested case-control with matching, matched risk-set sampling, incidence density matched case-control	matched case-referent study, individually matched case-control, pair-matched case-control, matched case-control design
相关	5	5
摘要	A matched nested case-control study is an efficient observational design embedded within a defined cohort. When a participant develops the outcome of interest (a case), a small number of controls are sampled from those still at risk at that moment and matched to the case on key variables such as age, sex, or calendar time. This design preserves the temporal structure of the underlying cohort while sharply reducing the cost of exposure measurement.	A matched case-control study is an observational epidemiological design in which each case (a person with the disease or outcome of interest) is paired with one or more controls (persons without the outcome) who share one or more characteristics — such as age, sex, or clinical setting — to control confounding. Exposure history is then compared between cases and their matched controls to estimate the odds ratio of the exposure-disease association.