方法对比

	MARKOR 市场导向量表	顾客忠诚度量表
领域	营销管理	营销管理
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1993	1994
提出者	Ajay K. Kohli, Bernard J. Jaworski, Ajith Kumar	Alan S. Dick, Kunal Basu
类型	Multi-dimensional organizational market orientation scale	Multi-dimensional behavioral and attitudinal loyalty scale
开创性文献	Kohli, A. K., Jaworski, B. J., & Kumar, A. (1993). MARKOR: A Measure of Market Orientation. Journal of Marketing Research, 30(4), 467-477.	Dick, A. S., & Basu, K. (1994). Customer Loyalty: Toward an Integrated Conceptual Framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22(2), 99-113.
别名	Market Orientation Measurement, Kohli-Jaworski Scale	Behavioral Loyalty Scale, Loyalty Commitment Scale
相关	3	4
摘要	The MARKOR scale, developed by Kohli, Jaworski, and Kumar (1993), measures organizational market orientation—the degree to which an organization actively gathers and uses market intelligence to guide strategy and decision-making. MARKOR captures three core dimensions: Intelligence Generation (collecting customer and competitor information), Dissemination (sharing market knowledge across departments), and Responsiveness (acting on market insights). The scale is widely used in strategic management research to diagnose whether organizations are truly customer-focused or operate in a more internally driven manner.	The Customer Loyalty Scale (CLS) measures customer loyalty as a combination of attitudinal commitment and behavioral intention. Developed by Dick and Basu (1994), the scale distinguishes between behavioral loyalty (repeat purchases) and attitudinal loyalty (emotional commitment), recognizing that true loyalty involves both. CLS captures multiple dimensions of loyalty including repurchase intention, word-of-mouth advocacy, and resistance to competitive offerings. The instrument is widely used in marketing research to predict customer lifetime value and identify at-risk customers.