方法对比

	中位数绝对离差 (MAD) 估计	普通最小二乘法 (OLS) 回归	分位数回归
领域	统计学	计量经济学	计量经济学
方法族	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
起源年份	1974	2019	1978
提出者	Hampel (influence-curve treatment); classical robust statistics	Wooldridge (textbook treatment); classical least squares	Koenker & Bassett
类型	Robust scale estimator	Linear regression	Conditional quantile regression
开创性文献	Hampel, F. R. (1974). The Influence Curve and Its Role in Robust Estimation. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 69(346), 383-393.	Wooldridge, J. M. (2019). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1337558860	Koenker, R. & Bassett, G., Jr. (1978). Regression Quantiles. Econometrica, 46(1), 33-50.
别名	median absolute deviation, MAD scale estimator, robust scale estimation, Medyan Mutlak Sapma (MAD) Tahmini	ordinary least squares, classical linear regression, linear regression, en küçük kareler regresyonu	conditional quantile regression, regression quantiles, Kantil Regresyon
相关	5	5	5
摘要	Median Absolute Deviation estimation is a robust measure of statistical dispersion that replaces the standard deviation when outliers are present. Rooted in the influence-curve framework formalised by Hampel (1974), it summarises the spread of a continuous variable using medians instead of means, so a single extreme value cannot distort the result.	Ordinary Least Squares is the classical linear regression method that explains a continuous outcome as a linear combination of predictors. It estimates the coefficients by minimising the sum of squared residuals, and under the Gauss-Markov assumptions these estimates are the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE).	Quantile regression models conditional quantiles of an outcome - the median, the 25th or 75th percentile, and so on - rather than the conditional mean that OLS targets. Introduced by Koenker and Bassett in 1978, it reveals how predictors act across the whole distribution, including its tails.