方法对比
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| 项目反应理论 (IRT)× | 探索性因子分析（EFA）× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域≠ | 心理测量学 | 统计学 |
| 方法族 | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| 起源年份≠ | 1952–1968 | — |
| 提出者≠ | Frederic M. Lord (and Allan Birnbaum for the 2PL/3PL models) | — |
| 类型≠ | Probabilistic measurement model | Latent variable / dimension reduction |
| 开创性文献≠ | Lord, F. M. & Novick, M. R. (1968). Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores. Addison-Wesley. link ↗ | Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C. & Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4(3), 272–299. DOI ↗ |
| 别名≠ | IRT, latent trait theory, item characteristic curve theory, modern test theory | common factor analysis, açımlayıcı faktör analizi, factor analysis |
| 相关≠ | 5 | 4 |
| 摘要≠ | Item response theory models the probability that a respondent answers an item correctly (or endorses it) as a function of the respondent's latent trait level and the item's own statistical properties — difficulty, discrimination, and guessing. Unlike classical test theory, IRT places persons and items on the same scale, yielding measurement that is sample-independent for items and test-independent for persons. | Exploratory factor analysis reduces a large set of observed variables into a smaller number of latent common factors. It is widely used in scale development and psychometrics to uncover the dimensional structure that underlies a set of correlated items, without specifying that structure in advance. |
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