方法对比

	Input-Output Analysis	Location Quotient	移位-份额工具变量（Bartik工具变量）
领域	经济学	经济学	因果推断
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Regression model
起源年份	1936	1960	2020
提出者	Wassily Leontief	Developed in regional science; codified by Walter Isard	Bartik (1991); identification framework by Goldsmith-Pinkham, Sorkin & Swift (2020) and Borusyak, Hull & Jaravel (2022)
类型	Linear inter-industry accounting and impact model	Descriptive index of relative regional concentration	Instrumental-variable design
开创性文献	Leontief, W. W. (1936). Quantitative input and output relations in the economic system of the United States. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 18(3), 105–125.	Isard, W. (1960). Methods of Regional Analysis: An Introduction to Regional Science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN: 9780262090032	Goldsmith-Pinkham, P., Sorkin, I. & Swift, H. (2020). Bartik Instruments: What, When, Why, and How. American Economic Review, 110(8), 2586–2624.
别名	Leontief Model, Inter-Industry Analysis, I-O Analysis, Input-Output Model	LQ, Coefficient of Localization, Regional Specialization Ratio	Bartik instrument, shift-share instrument, Shift-Share Araç Değişkeni (Bartik Instrument)
相关	4	3	5
摘要	Input-output analysis is a quantitative framework for representing the interdependence between the industries of an economy, introduced by Wassily Leontief in 1936. It records the flows of goods and services between sectors in a transactions table, derives fixed technical coefficients describing how much each industry buys from every other industry per unit of output, and inverts the resulting linear system to trace how an exogenous change in final demand ripples through the entire production structure.	The location quotient (LQ) is a simple descriptive index that measures how concentrated an industry is in a region relative to a larger reference area, usually the nation. It is the ratio of the industry's share of local employment (or output) to its share of national employment. An LQ above one means the region is more specialized in that industry than the nation as a whole; an LQ below one means it is under-represented.	The shift-share instrumental variable, widely known as the Bartik instrument, is a causal-inference strategy that builds an instrument by interacting national or sector-level shocks (the shifts) with local composition weights (the shares). Its modern identification framework was set out by Goldsmith-Pinkham, Sorkin and Swift (2020) and Borusyak, Hull and Jaravel (2022).