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| Location Quotient× | 移位-份额工具变量（Bartik工具变量）× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域≠ | 经济学 | 因果推断 |
| 方法族≠ | Process / pipeline | Regression model |
| 起源年份≠ | 1960 | 2020 |
| 提出者≠ | Developed in regional science; codified by Walter Isard | Bartik (1991); identification framework by Goldsmith-Pinkham, Sorkin & Swift (2020) and Borusyak, Hull & Jaravel (2022) |
| 类型≠ | Descriptive index of relative regional concentration | Instrumental-variable design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Isard, W. (1960). Methods of Regional Analysis: An Introduction to Regional Science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN: 9780262090032 | Goldsmith-Pinkham, P., Sorkin, I. & Swift, H. (2020). Bartik Instruments: What, When, Why, and How. American Economic Review, 110(8), 2586–2624. DOI ↗ |
| 别名 | LQ, Coefficient of Localization, Regional Specialization Ratio | Bartik instrument, shift-share instrument, Shift-Share Araç Değişkeni (Bartik Instrument) |
| 相关≠ | 3 | 5 |
| 摘要≠ | The location quotient (LQ) is a simple descriptive index that measures how concentrated an industry is in a region relative to a larger reference area, usually the nation. It is the ratio of the industry's share of local employment (or output) to its share of national employment. An LQ above one means the region is more specialized in that industry than the nation as a whole; an LQ below one means it is under-represented. | The shift-share instrumental variable, widely known as the Bartik instrument, is a causal-inference strategy that builds an instrument by interacting national or sector-level shocks (the shifts) with local composition weights (the shares). Its modern identification framework was set out by Goldsmith-Pinkham, Sorkin and Swift (2020) and Borusyak, Hull and Jaravel (2022). |
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