方法对比

	基于现场的内容分析	内容分析	文献分析
领域	质性	质性	质性研究
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1987	Systematised through Krippendorff's methodology work; 4th edition 2018	1920
提出者	David L. Altheide	Klaus Krippendorff (systematic formulation); roots in early 20th-century communications research	Max Weber and Karl Mannheim
类型	Qualitative analytic approach	Qualitative / mixed-method research technique	Method
开创性文献	Altheide, D. L. (1987). Ethnographic content analysis. Qualitative Sociology, 10(1), 65–77.	Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology (4th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506395661	Scott, J. (1990). A Matter of Record: Documentary Sources in Social Research. Polity Press. ISBN: 978-0745608419
别名	field content analysis, naturalistic content analysis, ethnographic content analysis, ECA	İçerik Analizi, systematic content coding, quantitative content analysis	documentary analysis, textual analysis, content analysis of documents, archival research
相关	6	5	4
摘要	Field-based content analysis is a qualitative analytic approach that systematically examines documents, artifacts, and texts encountered or produced within a natural field setting. Originally formulated by David Altheide as ethnographic content analysis (ECA), it blends the systematic rigor of traditional content analysis with the reflexive, iterative logic of ethnographic inquiry, allowing the researcher to interact continuously with the data and revise analytic categories as new meaning emerges from the field.	Content analysis is a systematic research technique for reducing text, visual, or media material into coded categories so that patterns can be counted, compared, and interpreted. Formalised by Klaus Krippendorff in his widely cited methodology textbook (latest edition 2018), the method sits at the boundary of qualitative and quantitative inquiry: it imposes structured, replicable coding on inherently meaning-laden material.	Document analysis is a systematic qualitative research method for examining written, visual, or audiovisual sources—such as policy documents, historical records, organizational records, media reports, emails, social media posts, photographs, or videos—to extract meaning, identify patterns, and understand social phenomena. Developed by Weber and Mannheim in early 20th-century sociology, the method bridges historical research, content analysis, and textual interpretation. Document analysis is used across disciplines to understand organizational change, policy evolution, media representation, historical events, and cultural meaning. Documents provide evidence of what organizations, institutions, or societies value, decide, and communicate, often revealing contradictions between policy and practice.