方法对比

	邓恩指数	Gap Statistic	惯性
领域	模型评估	模型评估	模型评估
方法族	MCDM	MCDM	MCDM
起源年份	1974	2001	1967
提出者	Joseph C. Dunn	Robert Tibshirani, Guenther Walther, Trevor Hastie	Stuart Lloyd, James MacQueen
类型	Cluster quality metric	Statistical criterion	Clustering quality metric
开创性文献	Dunn, J. C. (1974). Well-separated clusters and optimal fuzzy partitions. Journal of Cybernetics, 4(1), 95-104.	Tibshirani, R., Walther, G., & Hastie, T. (2001). Estimating the number of clusters in a data set via the gap statistic. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology), 63(2), 411-423.	Lloyd, S. P. (1982). Least squares quantization in PCM. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 28(2), 129-137.
别名	Dunn's index, separation coefficient	gap index, Tibshirani gap statistic	WCSS, within-cluster sum of squares, cluster cohesion
相关	5	5	5
摘要	The Dunn Index, introduced by Joseph C. Dunn in 1974, is a metric that captures cluster quality by measuring the ratio of the minimum between-cluster distance to the maximum within-cluster diameter. Higher values indicate well-separated and compact clusters, with better clustering quality.	The Gap Statistic, developed by Tibshirani, Walther, and Hastie in 2001, is a principled statistical method for determining the optimal number of clusters in a dataset. It compares the observed within-cluster sum of squares to the expected value under a null hypothesis of no clustering structure, providing a theoretically grounded approach to cluster number selection.	Inertia, also called Within-Cluster Sum of Squares (WCSS), is a measure of cluster cohesion that quantifies how tightly points are grouped around their cluster centroids. Lower values indicate more compact, cohesive clusters. Inertia is the primary objective function for k-means clustering and has been a fundamental metric since the method's introduction.