方法对比

	国际膳食质量指数 (DQI-I)	食物频率问卷 (FFQ)
领域	营养学	营养学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2003	1986
提出者	Sungwon Kim, Pamela S. Haines, Aileen M. Siega-Riz, Barry M. Popkin	Walter C. Willett, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
类型	Derived from dietary assessment data (food frequency questionnaire, 24-hour recall)	Self-administered questionnaire (retrospective dietary assessment)
开创性文献	Kim, S., Haines, P. S., Siega-Riz, A. M., & Popkin, B. M. (2003). The Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) provides an effective tool for assessing the quality of various diet profiles. The Journal of Nutrition, 133(12), 3911-3919.	Willett, W. C. (1998). Nutritional Epidemiology (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
别名	DQI-I, DQI	FFQ, food-frequency-assessment
相关	5	5
摘要	The Dietary Quality Index-International is a comprehensive dietary quality assessment tool developed to evaluate overall diet quality based on food and nutrient intake data. Introduced by Kim and colleagues in 2003, the DQI-I incorporates four key dimensions of diet quality: adequacy (adequate intake of essential nutrients and food groups), moderation (limiting excess intake of less healthful components), variety (diversity of food groups), and appropriate macronutrient distribution. It is widely used in epidemiological research to assess population dietary patterns and to examine relationships between diet quality and chronic disease outcomes.	The Food Frequency Questionnaire is a self-administered dietary assessment tool designed to measure habitual food and nutrient intake over an extended period (typically 6–12 months). Developed by epidemiologists, particularly Walter Willett at Harvard, the FFQ has become a cornerstone of nutritional epidemiology research, enabling large-scale studies to assess dietary patterns and examine diet-disease relationships. FFQs vary in length (50–200+ items) and focus, but all share the purpose of estimating average dietary intake in a time-efficient manner suitable for population studies.