方法对比

	完全随机设计 (CRD)	Kruskal-Wallis H检验	单因素方差分析
领域	实验设计	统计学	统计学
方法族	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
起源年份	1935	1952	1925
提出者	R. A. Fisher	William Kruskal & W. Allen Wallis	Ronald A. Fisher
类型	Parametric group comparison via one-way ANOVA	Nonparametric group comparison	Parametric mean comparison
开创性文献	Montgomery, D.C. (2017). Design and Analysis of Experiments. Wiley. ISBN: 978-1119320937	Kruskal, W. H. & Wallis, W. A. (1952). Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 47(260), 583–621.	Fisher, R. A. (1925). Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.
别名	CRD, completely randomised design, one-way experimental design, Tam Tesadüf Deneme Deseni (CRD)	Kruskal-Wallis H test, one-way ANOVA on ranks, Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis Testi	one-factor ANOVA, single-factor ANOVA, analysis of variance, tek yönlü ANOVA
相关	3	5	4
摘要	The completely randomized design is the most fundamental experimental design, in which experimental units are assigned to treatments entirely at random with no restrictions. Analysed by one-way ANOVA, it was formalised by R. A. Fisher in the 1930s and remains the reference starting point for experimental research whenever the experimental material is homogeneous and nuisance variation is absent or negligible.	The Kruskal-Wallis H test is a nonparametric hypothesis test that compares three or more independent groups to decide whether their distributions (typically their medians) differ. Introduced by William Kruskal and W. Allen Wallis in 1952, it works on ranks rather than raw values and is the distribution-free counterpart to one-way ANOVA.	One-way ANOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that compares the means of three or more independent groups on a single continuous outcome to decide whether at least one group mean differs. It rests on the variance-partitioning framework introduced by Ronald A. Fisher in 1925.