方法对比

	贝叶斯模型检验研究	结构方程模型
领域	研究设计	研究统计学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1935 (Jeffreys); widely adopted in social and behavioral sciences from the 1990s onward	1921
提出者	Harold Jeffreys; formalized for applied sciences by Robert Kass and Adrian Raftery	Sewall Wright
类型	Quantitative inferential research design	Method
开创性文献	Kass, R. E., & Raftery, A. E. (1995). Bayes factors. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 90(430), 773–795.	Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1973). LISREL: A general computer program for estimating a linear structural equation system. Research Bulletin 73-5. University of Stockholm.
别名	Bayesian hypothesis testing, Bayesian model comparison, Bayes factor analysis, BMT	SEM, path analysis, latent variable modeling, causal modeling
相关	4	3
摘要	Bayesian model testing research is a quantitative design in which competing theoretical models or hypotheses are evaluated by comparing their marginal likelihoods given observed data. The central tool is the Bayes factor — a ratio that quantifies how much more likely the data are under one model than under another. Unlike null-hypothesis significance testing, Bayesian model testing yields direct evidence for or against specific hypotheses, incorporates prior knowledge, and can support a null hypothesis rather than merely failing to reject it.	Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a comprehensive statistical framework combining path analysis (Sewall Wright, 1921) and confirmatory factor analysis to test complex causal models linking observed and latent variables. Formalized by Jöreskog (1973) with LISREL software, SEM enables simultaneous estimation of measurement relationships (how variables measure latent constructs) and structural relationships (how constructs influence outcomes), making it powerful for theory testing in psychology, epidemiology, organizational research, and health sciences where complex mediation, moderation, and latent processes require integrated analysis.