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7 种方法属于此方法族。
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身体形态问卷 (BSQ)The BSQ is a self-report questionnaire measuring preoccupation with and dissatisfaction about body shape. Originally developed by Cooper and colleagues in 1987, the full version co计算机化自适应测验项目分析Computerized adaptive test item analysis evaluates and calibrates items intended for use in adaptive testing environments. Unlike fixed-form analysis, it accounts for the non-rando纵向项目分析Longitudinal item analysis examines how the statistical properties of individual scale items — difficulty, discrimination, factor loadings, and fit — remain stable or change system政治容忍度量表The Political Tolerance Scale measures willingness to permit unpopular groups to exercise civil liberties and political rights, including free speech, assembly, and voting rights e稳健拉斯模型The robust Rasch model applies the standard one-parameter logistic Rasch framework with estimation procedures designed to limit the influence of outlying item responses, aberrant r短问卷拉斯模型The short form Rasch model applies Rasch measurement theory to abbreviated instrument versions. Rather than using all items from a full scale, researchers select a reduced item set
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