So sánh phương pháp

	Q-Learning	Học tăng cường sâu	Lập trình động
Lĩnh vực	Học máy	Học sâu	Tối ưu hóa
Họ	Machine learning	Machine learning	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1992	2015	1957
Người khởi xướng	Christopher Watkins & Peter Dayan	Mnih, V. et al. (DQN)	Richard Bellman
Loại	Model-free reinforcement-learning control algorithm	Sequential decision-making (agent–environment interaction)	Exact combinatorial optimization via recursive decomposition
Công trình gốc	Watkins, C. J. C. H., & Dayan, P. (1992). Q-learning. Machine Learning, 8(3–4), 279–292.	Mnih, V. et al. (2015). Human-Level Control through Deep Reinforcement Learning. Nature, 518, 529–533.	Bellman, R. (1957). Dynamic Programming. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0-691-07951-6
Tên gọi khác	Q-learning algorithm, tabular Q-learning, off-policy TD control, Q-öğrenme	Derin Pekiştirmeli Öğrenme (DQN / PPO / A3C), derin pekiştirmeli öğrenme, deep RL, DRL	DP, Bellman's Principle of Optimality, Recursive Optimization, Dinamik Programlama
Liên quan	3	4	3
Tóm tắt	Q-learning, introduced by Christopher Watkins and Peter Dayan in 1992, is a model-free reinforcement-learning algorithm that learns the value of taking each action in each state — the Q-function — purely from experience, without a model of the environment. It is off-policy: it learns the optimal action-values while following an exploratory behaviour policy, and under standard conditions it provably converges to the optimal policy.	Deep Reinforcement Learning combines neural networks with reinforcement learning so an agent learns by interacting with an environment, popularised by Mnih and colleagues' 2015 Nature work on human-level Atari control. Instead of learning from a fixed labelled dataset, the agent takes actions, observes rewards, and gradually shapes a policy that maximises long-run return.	Dynamic Programming (DP) is an exact optimization technique introduced by Richard Bellman in 1957 for solving multi-stage decision problems. It decomposes a complex problem into simpler, overlapping subproblems, solves each subproblem once, and stores the results to avoid redundant computation. Grounded in the Principle of Optimality, DP guarantees globally optimal solutions whenever the problem exhibits overlapping subproblems and optimal substructure.