So sánh phương pháp

	Nghiên cứu tình huống diễn giải	Dân tộc học	Hiện tượng học diễn giải	Điều tra tường thuật
Lĩnh vực	Định tính	Định tính	Định tính	Nghiên cứu định tính
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1978–1995 (Stake's foundational works)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)	Philosophical roots 1927 (Heidegger); systematic research method from 1980s–1990s	2000
Người khởi xướng	Robert E. Stake; extended by Bent Flyvbjerg	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology	Martin Heidegger (philosophical foundation); Max van Manen (methodological application)	D. Jean Clandinin and F. Michael Connelly
Loại	Qualitative research design	Qualitative fieldwork tradition	Qualitative research method	Method
Công trình gốc	Stake, R. E. (1995). The Art of Case Study Research. Sage. ISBN: 978-0803957671	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462	van Manen, M. (1990). Researching Lived Experience: Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedagogy. State University of New York Press. ISBN: 978-0791404645	Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. Jossey-Bass.
Tên gọi khác	intrinsic case study, constructivist case study, qualitative case study, naturalistic case study	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research	Heideggerian phenomenology, interpretive phenomenology, hermeneutic inquiry, van Manen phenomenology	Narrative Analysis, Narrative Research, Life Story Method
Liên quan	6	5	6	3
Tóm tắt	Interpretive case study is a qualitative research design in which the researcher selects a bounded real-world case — a person, program, event, organization, or community — and seeks to understand it from the inside, through the meanings participants themselves construct. Unlike explanatory or descriptive case study, the interpretive variant foregrounds the researcher's active role in making sense of complex, context-laden data rather than testing hypotheses or cataloguing facts.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.	Hermeneutic phenomenology is a qualitative research approach that investigates the interpreted meaning of lived experience from within the existential conditions that shape it. Rooted in Heidegger's ontology and developed as an empirical method by Max van Manen, it does not seek to bracket or suspend the researcher's understanding but instead treats that understanding as the very medium through which the meaning of experience can be disclosed. The approach is widely used in education, nursing, and social sciences to explore how people dwell in, and make sense of, their world.	Narrative inquiry is a qualitative research methodology that treats stories and life narratives as primary data, analyzing how individuals construct meaning and identity through storytelling. Developed by D. Jean Clandinin and F. Michael Connelly (2000), narrative inquiry examines the narratives people tell about their lives, experiences, and transitions, understanding that people make sense of experience through narrative.