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| Kiểm định đồng tích hợp (Johansen / Engle-Granger)× | Kiểm định giới hạn ARDL (Kiểm định giới hạn Pesaran)× | Mô hình Tự hồi quy Vector (VAR)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lĩnh vực | Kinh tế lượng | Kinh tế lượng | Kinh tế lượng |
| Họ | Regression model | Regression model | Regression model |
| Năm ra đời≠ | 1988 | 2001 | 2005 |
| Người khởi xướng≠ | Engle & Granger (1987); Johansen (1988) | Pesaran, Shin & Smith | Lütkepohl (textbook treatment); Sims (1980) macroeconometric tradition |
| Loại≠ | Time-series cointegration test | Cointegration test / Autoregressive distributed lag model | Multivariate time-series model |
| Công trình gốc≠ | Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2-3), 231-254. DOI ↗ | Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289–326. DOI ↗ | Lütkepohl, H. (2005). New Introduction to Multiple Time Series Analysis. Springer. DOI ↗ |
| Tên gọi khác | Johansen cointegration test, Engle-Granger cointegration test, long-run equilibrium test, Eşbütünleşme Testi (Johansen/Engle-Granger) | Pesaran bounds test, bounds testing approach, ARDL cointegration test, ARDL Sınır Testi (Pesaran Bounds Test) | vector autoregression, VAR, VAR Modeli (Vektör Otoregresyon), vektör otoregresyon |
| Liên quan≠ | 5 | 4 | 4 |
| Tóm tắt≠ | The cointegration test examines whether non-stationary time series that each contain a unit root share a stable long-run equilibrium relationship. The single-equation residual approach was introduced by Engle and Granger (1987) and the system-based rank approach by Johansen (1988). | The ARDL bounds test is an autoregressive distributed lag method that tests for a cointegrating (long-run level) relationship between time series, introduced by Pesaran, Shin and Smith in 2001. Unlike the Johansen procedure, it remains valid whether the variables are I(0), I(1) or a mix of the two, and it is more reliable than Johansen in small samples of roughly 30 to 80 observations. | Vector Autoregression is a multivariate time-series model that treats several interdependent series symmetrically, letting each variable depend on its own past values and the past values of all the others. It is the standard tool for capturing mutual causality and joint dynamics, developed in the modern multiple-time-series tradition treated by Lütkepohl (2005). |
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