So sánh phương pháp

	Phân tích công suất Bayes (Đảm bảo)	Phân tích tuần tự (Thiết kế tuần tự nhóm)	Phân tích sức mạnh dựa trên mô phỏng (Sức mạnh Monte Carlo)
Lĩnh vực	Thống kê	Thống kê	Thống kê
Họ	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
Năm ra đời	1986	1977	2011
Người khởi xướng	Spiegelhalter & Freedman (1986); O'Hagan, Stevens & Campbell (2005)	P. C. O'Brien & T. R. Fleming; P. C. Pocock	Arnold et al. (2011); Green & MacLeod (2016) for mixed-model extension
Loại	Bayesian sample size determination	Sequential / adaptive hypothesis test	Simulation-based (Monte Carlo)
Công trình gốc	O'Hagan, A., Stevens, J.W. & Campbell, M.J. (2005). Assurance in Clinical Trial Design. Pharmaceutical Statistics, 4(3), 187–201.	O'Brien, P.C. & Fleming, T.R. (1979). A Multiple Testing Procedure for Clinical Trials. Biometrics, 35(3), 549–556.	Arnold, B.F. et al. (2011). Simulation Methods to Estimate Design Power: An Overview for Applied Research. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 11, 94.
Tên gọi khác	assurance, bayesian sample size determination, bayesian assurance, Bayesian Güç Analizi (Assurance / Bayesian Sample Size)	sequential testing, group sequential design, interim analysis, Sıralı Analiz (Sequential Testing / Group Sequential Design)	Monte Carlo power analysis, Monte Carlo simulation power, MC power, Simülasyon Tabanlı Güç Analizi (Monte Carlo Power)
Liên quan	3	5	6
Tóm tắt	Bayesian power analysis — also called assurance — is a sample size determination method that replaces the frequentist notion of power with a probability-weighted average over a prior distribution on the effect size. First formalised by Spiegelhalter and Freedman (1986) and further developed by O'Hagan, Stevens and Campbell (2005), it answers the question: given our current uncertainty about the true effect, what sample size gives us a high overall probability of obtaining a statistically significant result?	Sequential analysis is a framework for conducting hypothesis tests with pre-planned interim looks at accumulating data, allowing a study to stop early for efficacy or futility while controlling the overall Type I error rate. The group sequential approach was formalised by Pocock (1977) and O'Brien and Fleming (1979), and remains the standard for confirmatory clinical trials and rigorous A/B experiments.	Simulation-based power analysis estimates the statistical power and required sample size of a study by repeating a full analysis pipeline thousands of times on artificially generated data. Because it relies on Monte Carlo simulation rather than closed-form equations, it is applicable to designs — mixed models, complex measurement structures, non-standard outcomes — where analytical power formulas do not exist. The approach was systematically described for applied research by Arnold et al. in 2011, and the mixed-model implementation via the SIMR package was formalised by Green and MacLeod in 2016.