Gender Empowerment Measure
The Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) is a UNDP composite introduced in the 1995 Human Development Report to capture gender inequality in agency and opportunity rather than in basic capabilities. It combines women's and men's shares of parliamentary seats, of senior administrative and managerial as well as professional and technical positions, and their relative earned income, aggregating them into an index that emphasises participation in economic and political decision-making.
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Yöntem haritası
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Kaynaklar
- United Nations Development Programme (1995). Human Development Report 1995 — Gender and Human Development. Oxford University Press / UNDP. link ↗
- Klugman, J., Rodríguez, F., & Choi, H.-J. (2011). The HDI 2010: New controversies, old critiques. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 9(2), 249–288. DOI: 10.1007/s10888-011-9178-z ↗
- Klasen, S. (2006). UNDP's gender-related measures: Some conceptual problems and possible solutions. Journal of Human Development, 7(2), 243–274. DOI: 10.1080/14649880600768595 ↗
Bu sayfayı kaynak gösterin
ScholarGate. (2026, June 22). Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM). ScholarGate. https://scholargate.app/tr/gender-studies/gender-empowerment-measure
Hangi yöntem?
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- Gender Development IndexGender Studies↔ karşılaştır
- Gender Inequality IndexGender Studies↔ karşılaştır
- Global Gender Gap IndexGender Studies↔ karşılaştır
- Women's Empowerment in Agriculture IndexGender Studies↔ karşılaştır