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Regression modelQuasi-experimental / causal inference

Robust Difference-in-Differences

Robust Difference-in-Differences is a family of modern DiD estimators designed to remain valid when treatment timing is staggered across units and treatment effects are heterogeneous over time or across groups. Classical two-way fixed-effects (TWFE) DiD can be severely biased in such settings; robust variants estimate group-time average treatment effects (ATTs) separately and then aggregate them in a theoretically sound way.

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Sources

  1. Callaway, B., & Sant'Anna, P. H. C. (2021). Difference-in-differences with multiple time periods. Journal of Econometrics, 225(2), 200-230. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2020.12.001 ↗
  2. Roth, J., Sant'Anna, P. H. C., Bilinski, A., & Poe, J. (2023). What's trending in difference-in-differences? A synthesis of the recent econometrics literature. Journal of Econometrics, 235(2), 2218-2244. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2023.03.008 ↗

Related methods

Difference-in-DifferencesDynamic Difference-in-DifferencesHeterogeneous Treatment Effect Difference-in-DifferencesMulti-period Difference-in-differencesPanel Data Difference-in-Differences

Referenced by

Robust Interrupted Time SeriesRobust Synthetic Control Method

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ScholarGate — Robust Difference-in-Differences (Robust Difference-in-Differences Estimator). Retrieved 2026-06-04 from https://scholargate.app/tr/causal-inference/robust-difference-in-differences