เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	การศึกษาความแม่นยำในการวินิจฉัยย้อนหลัง	การออกแบบการศึกษาความแม่นยำในการวินิจฉัย
สาขาวิชา	ระบาดวิทยา	การวิจัยทางคลินิก
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	Formalized 2000s; STARD 2003, revised 2015	2003-2015
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Formalized through the STARD initiative led by Patrick Bossuyt and colleagues	Bossuyt, Reitsma, and STARD group (2003); clinical epidemiology pioneers
ประเภท	Observational, retrospective study design	Research Design
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., et al. (2015). STARD 2015: An Updated List of Essential Items for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. BMJ, 351, h5527.	Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L. M., ... & de Vet, H. C. (2003). Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative. Annals of Internal Medicine, 138(1), 40–44.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	retrospective DAS, retrospective test accuracy study, retrospective index test evaluation, historical diagnostic accuracy study	diagnostic accuracy study, test accuracy, STARD, diagnostic evaluation
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	5	2
สรุป	A retrospective diagnostic accuracy study evaluates how well a diagnostic test (the index test) correctly identifies a target condition by applying it to previously collected data or archived specimens alongside a reference standard. Because both index test results and reference standard results are drawn from existing records or stored material rather than generated prospectively, this design is faster and less costly than a prospective counterpart — but carries specific methodological risks that must be controlled to produce valid estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and related measures.	A diagnostic accuracy study evaluates how well a new diagnostic test (or biomarker, imaging modality, clinical assessment) detects the presence or absence of disease compared to a reference standard (gold standard). Standardized since 2003 by the STARD (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) initiative, diagnostic accuracy studies are fundamental to clinical medicine, determining whether and how new tests can improve patient diagnosis and treatment.