เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	Stanford Presenteeism Scale	Effort-Reward Imbalance Scale
สาขาวิชา	อาชีวอนามัย	อาชีวอนามัย
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	2002	1996
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Clifford Koopman, Kenneth R. Pelletier, James Murray, and colleagues	Johannes Siegrist
ประเภท	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Koopman, C., Pelletier, K. R., Murray, J. F., Sharda, C. E., Berger, M. L., Turpin, R. S., ... & Bendel, T. (2002). Stanford Presenteeism Scale: Health status and employee productivity. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 44(1), 14-20.	Siegrist, J., Starke, D., Chandola, T., Peter, I., Marmot, M., Theorell, T., ... & Fuhrer, R. (2004). The measurement of effort-reward imbalance at work: European comparisons. Social Science & Medicine, 58(8), 1483-1499.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	SPS-6, Presenteeism Scale	ERI
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	5	4
สรุป	The Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6) is a brief assessment tool measuring work productivity and performance among employees who are present at work despite health problems, personal issues, or other limitations. Developed by Koopman and colleagues in 2002, the SPS-6 quantifies the degree to which an employee's ability to concentrate, accomplish tasks, and maintain efficiency is compromised while working. Presenteeism—working while ill or impaired—is increasingly recognized as a significant occupational health concern with substantial economic and wellbeing consequences.	The Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) Scale is an occupational stress assessment tool based on a reciprocal model of work stress. Developed by Johannes Siegrist in 1996, the ERI measures the degree to which employees experience imbalance between their job efforts (demands, overcommitment) and job rewards (income, recognition, career prospects, security). The instrument is grounded in social reciprocity theory and has strong evidence linking high imbalance to cardiovascular disease, depression, and burnout.