เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	ชาติพันธุ์วรรณนาเชิงมีส่วนร่วม	การวิจัยเชิงปฏิบัติการ	การวิจัยกรณีศึกษา	ชาติพันธุ์วรรณนา
สาขาวิชา	เชิงคุณภาพ	การวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ	เชิงคุณภาพ	เชิงคุณภาพ
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1990s–2000s (collaborative turn); classical roots early 20th century	1946	1984 (seminal codification)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Rooted in classical ethnography (Malinowski, Boas); collaborative turn formalised by Luke Eric Lassiter and others in the 1990s–2000s	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury	Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
ประเภท	Qualitative research design	Method	Qualitative research design	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Lassiter, L. E. (2005). The Chicago Guide to Collaborative Ethnography. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226469058	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.	Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	collaborative ethnography, participatory fieldwork, engaged ethnography, community-based ethnography	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry	Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	5	1	5	5
สรุป	Participatory ethnography is a qualitative research design in which community members are not merely subjects of study but active collaborators throughout the research process — from problem formulation and data collection to analysis and writing. Building on classical ethnographic fieldwork, it shifts the researcher–participant relationship toward genuine partnership, producing knowledge that is accountable to the communities from which it emerges.	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.	Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.