เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	การประมาณค่า Panel System GMM (ตัวประมาณค่าของ Blundell-Bond)	แบบจำลองข้อมูลแผงแบบพลวัต
สาขาวิชา	เศรษฐมิติ	เศรษฐมิติ
ตระกูล	Regression model	Regression model
ปีกำเนิด	1998	1991–1998
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Blundell & Bond (1998); Arellano & Bover (1995)	Arellano & Bond (1991); Blundell & Bond (1998)
ประเภท	GMM estimator for dynamic panel data	Dynamic panel regression
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Blundell, R., & Bond, S. (1998). Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. Journal of Econometrics, 87(1), 115–143.	Arellano, M., & Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277–297.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	System GMM, Blundell-Bond estimator, SYS-GMM, two-step System GMM	dynamic panel model, lagged dependent variable panel model, Arellano-Bond type dynamic panel, GMM dynamic panel
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	6	5
สรุป	Panel System GMM is a two-equation GMM estimator for dynamic panel data that stacks the differenced equation (using lagged levels as instruments) with the levels equation (using lagged differences as instruments). Developed by Blundell and Bond (1998) on the foundation of Arellano and Bover (1995), it is the preferred tool when the lagged dependent variable is highly persistent or individual effects are large.	The dynamic panel data model extends standard panel regression by including one or more lagged values of the outcome variable as regressors. Because past outcomes directly predict current outcomes, the model captures persistence and adjustment dynamics — but it also introduces a correlation between the lagged dependent variable and the individual fixed effect, rendering OLS and standard fixed-effects estimators inconsistent. GMM-based approaches developed by Arellano-Bond and Blundell-Bond resolve this problem.