เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	การประมาณค่าส่วนเบี่ยงเบนสัมบูรณ์มัธยฐาน (MAD)	การถดถอยกำลังสองน้อยที่สุดสามัญ (OLS)	การทดสอบการสับเปลี่ยน (การสุ่ม)
สาขาวิชา	สถิติศาสตร์	เศรษฐมิติ	สถิติศาสตร์
ตระกูล	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
ปีกำเนิด	1974	2019	2005
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Hampel (influence-curve treatment); classical robust statistics	Wooldridge (textbook treatment); classical least squares	Good (2005); Edgington & Onghena (2007); resampling tradition
ประเภท	Robust scale estimator	Linear regression	Nonparametric resampling test
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Hampel, F. R. (1974). The Influence Curve and Its Role in Robust Estimation. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 69(346), 383-393.	Wooldridge, J. M. (2019). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1337558860	Good, P. (2005). Permutation, Parametric and Bootstrap Tests of Hypotheses (3rd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-0387202792
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	median absolute deviation, MAD scale estimator, robust scale estimation, Medyan Mutlak Sapma (MAD) Tahmini	ordinary least squares, classical linear regression, linear regression, en küçük kareler regresyonu	randomization test, exact permutation test, re-randomization test, Permütasyon Testi
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	5	5	5
สรุป	Median Absolute Deviation estimation is a robust measure of statistical dispersion that replaces the standard deviation when outliers are present. Rooted in the influence-curve framework formalised by Hampel (1974), it summarises the spread of a continuous variable using medians instead of means, so a single extreme value cannot distort the result.	Ordinary Least Squares is the classical linear regression method that explains a continuous outcome as a linear combination of predictors. It estimates the coefficients by minimising the sum of squared residuals, and under the Gauss-Markov assumptions these estimates are the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE).	The permutation test is a nonparametric resampling procedure that builds the sampling distribution of a test statistic directly from the data by repeatedly shuffling the group labels. Developed in the resampling tradition and treated systematically by Good (2005) and Edgington & Onghena (2007), it requires no parametric distributional assumption and yields an exact p-value.