เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	ทฤษฎีความสามารถในการสรุปผล (Generalizability Theory - G-Theory)	โมเดลโลจิสติกส์สองพารามิเตอร์ (2PL) สำหรับทฤษฎีการตอบสนองข้อสอบ (IRT)	สัมประสิทธิ์อัลฟาของครอนบาค (การวิเคราะห์ความเชื่อมั่น)	ความน่าเชื่อถือระหว่างผู้ประเมิน (Cohen's κ และ ICC)
สาขาวิชา	การวัดทางจิตวิทยา	การวัดทางจิตวิทยา	สถิติศาสตร์	การวัดทางจิตวิทยา
ตระกูล	Latent structure	Latent structure	Latent structure	Latent structure
ปีกำเนิด	1963	1980	1951	1960 (kappa); 1979 (ICC)
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Lee J. Cronbach and colleagues	Frederic M. Lord	Lee J. Cronbach	Cohen (kappa, 1960); Shrout & Fleiss (ICC, 1979)
ประเภท	ANOVA-based variance-component framework	Item response model / latent trait model	Reliability / internal consistency coefficient	Reliability / agreement analysis
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Brennan, R. L. (2001). Generalizability Theory. Springer.	Lord, F. M. (1980). Applications of Item Response Theory to Practical Testing Problems. Erlbaum.	Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334.	Cohen, J. (1960). A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 37–46.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	Generalizability Theory, G-Study / D-Study framework, Genellenebilirlik Kuramı (G-Kuramı)	two-parameter logistic model, 2PL model, 2PL IRT — İki Parametreli Madde Tepki Modeli	coefficient alpha, alpha reliability, internal consistency reliability, Güvenilirlik Analizi (Cronbach Alpha)	inter-rater reliability, interrater agreement, rater agreement, Değerlendiriciler Arası Güvenilirlik (Cohen's κ, ICC)
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	6	6	4	6
สรุป	Generalizability Theory, developed by Lee J. Cronbach and colleagues in the 1960s and formalised by Brennan (2001), is an ANOVA-based framework that extends Classical Test Theory by decomposing observed score variance into multiple, separately identified sources of measurement error — such as raters, tasks, occasions, or items — rather than bundling all error into a single undifferentiated term.	The two-parameter logistic item response model, formalised by Frederic Lord (1980), describes the probability that a respondent answers a binary test item correctly as a smooth S-shaped function of the respondent's latent ability. By estimating a separate discrimination parameter for each item alongside a difficulty parameter, 2PL allows items to differ in how sharply they distinguish high- from low-ability respondents — making it the standard model for large-scale educational and psychological assessments.	Cronbach's alpha is a coefficient of internal consistency that quantifies the degree to which a set of items on a scale measures the same underlying construct. Introduced by Lee J. Cronbach in 1951, it remains the most widely reported reliability index in social-science, health, and educational research.	Interrater reliability quantifies the degree to which two or more independent raters produce consistent scores when evaluating the same individuals or products. The family encompasses Cohen's kappa, introduced in 1960 for categorical judgments, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for continuous ratings, together spanning most measurement scenarios encountered in behavioral, health, and educational research.