เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	Firefly Algorithm	Cuckoo Search	Differential Evolution	Genetic Algorithm	Grey Wolf Optimizer
สาขาวิชา	การหาค่าเหมาะที่สุด	การหาค่าเหมาะที่สุด	การหาค่าเหมาะที่สุด	การหาค่าเหมาะที่สุด	การหาค่าเหมาะที่สุด
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	2008	2009	1997	1975	2014
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Xin-She Yang	—	Rainer Storn & Kenneth Price	John Henry Holland	Seyedali Mirjalili, Seyed Mohammad Mirjalili, Andrew Lewis
ประเภท	Swarm intelligence metaheuristic	Population-based metaheuristic / swarm intelligence	Population-based stochastic metaheuristic	Population-based metaheuristic	Swarm-intelligence metaheuristic
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Yang, X.S. (2010). Firefly Algorithm, Stochastic Test Functions and Design Optimisation. International Journal of Bio-Inspired Computation, 2(2), 78-84.	Yang, X.S. & Deb, S. (2009). Cuckoo Search via Lévy Flights. 2009 World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC), 210-214. IEEE.	Storn, R. & Price, K. (1997). Differential Evolution – A Simple and Efficient Heuristic for Global Optimization over Continuous Spaces. Journal of Global Optimization, 11(4), 341–359.	Holland, J.H. (1975). Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems. University of Michigan Press.	Mirjalili, S., Mirjalili, S. M., & Lewis, A. (2014). Grey Wolf Optimizer. Advances in Engineering Software, 69, 46-61.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	FA, Firefly Optimization, Ateşböceği Algoritması (Firefly Algorithm)	Guguk Kuşu Araması (Cuckoo Search), CS algorithm, Cuckoo Search via Lévy Flights	DE algorithm, Diferansiyel Evrim (DE), DE optimization	GA, evolutionary algorithm, Genetik Algoritma — Evrimsel Optimizasyon	GWO, Gri Kurt Optimizasyonu, Gri Kurt Optimizasyonu (GWO)
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	5	6	5	5	5
สรุป	The Firefly Algorithm (FA), introduced by Xin-She Yang in 2008 and formally published in 2010, is a nature-inspired swarm metaheuristic that models the bioluminescent attraction behaviour of fireflies. Each candidate solution is a firefly whose brightness represents its objective-function value; dimmer fireflies move toward brighter ones with an attraction force that decays with distance, driving the swarm toward optima without gradient information.	Cuckoo Search (CS) is a population-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm introduced by Xin-She Yang and Suash Deb in 2009. It models the obligate brood-parasitism of cuckoo birds — which lay eggs in other birds' nests — combined with Lévy flight random walks that enable long-range exploration of the search space. The algorithm has proven effective in structural engineering design, machine learning hyperparameter tuning, and other continuous black-box optimization problems.	Differential Evolution (DE), introduced by Rainer Storn and Kenneth Price in 1997, is a population-based stochastic optimisation algorithm designed for continuous parameter spaces. It generates candidate solutions by combining vector differences between existing population members, making it a powerful and parameter-lean alternative to Genetic Algorithms and Particle Swarm Optimisation when the search landscape is non-convex, multimodal, or poorly suited to gradient-based methods.	A genetic algorithm (GA) is a population-based metaheuristic optimization method introduced by John Henry Holland (1975) that mimics the principles of natural selection. It maintains a population of candidate solutions and iteratively improves them through selection, crossover, and mutation operators, making it especially powerful on discontinuous, non-convex, and multi-modal search spaces where classical gradient-based methods fail.	The Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) is a swarm-intelligence metaheuristic introduced by Mirjalili, Mirjalili, and Lewis in 2014 that models the social hierarchy and cooperative hunting behaviour of grey wolves. A population of candidate solutions is divided into four leadership ranks — alpha, beta, delta, and omega — and the three best solutions at each iteration guide the entire swarm toward increasingly better regions of the search space.