เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	การทดลองทางคลินิกระยะที่ 3 แบบปรับเปลี่ยนได้	การทดลองทางคลินิกระยะที่ 3
สาขาวิชา	ระบาดวิทยา	ระบาดวิทยา
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1969–2019 (sequential testing roots ~1969; formal adaptive design guidance 2010–2019)	1962 (Kefauver-Harris Amendment formalised phased drug development)
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Methodological foundations by Armitage et al. (1969); modern adaptive framework codified by FDA and ICH guidance (2010s)	FDA regulatory framework / ICH guidelines
ประเภท	Interventional confirmatory clinical trial with pre-specified interim adaptations	Confirmatory randomised controlled trial
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). (2019). ICH E9(R1) Addendum on Estimands and Sensitivity Analysis in Clinical Trials to the Guideline on Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials. ICH Harmonised Guideline.	Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., DeMets, D. L., Reboussin, D. M., & Granger, C. B. (2015). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (5th ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-3319185385
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	adaptive confirmatory trial, seamless Phase II/III adaptive trial, adaptive pivotal trial, adaptive design Phase III	Phase 3 trial, confirmatory trial, pivotal trial, Phase III RCT
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	6	6
สรุป	An adaptive Phase III clinical trial is a confirmatory randomized controlled trial that incorporates pre-specified rules allowing modifications to the trial design — such as sample size re-estimation, dose selection, or population enrichment — based on accumulating interim data, while preserving the Type I error rate. It sits at the top of the evidence hierarchy and is used to obtain regulatory approval of new interventions.	A Phase III clinical trial is a large-scale, confirmatory randomised controlled trial designed to establish the efficacy and safety of an intervention in the target patient population before regulatory submission. It builds on the signal identified in Phase II, tests the intervention at its proposed dose under controlled conditions, and provides the primary evidence base for marketing authorisation or guideline adoption.