Majaribio na Vipimo

Eneo hili linashughulikia majaribio, vipimo, na zana zinazotumika kupima uwezo, mafanikio, na sifa katika elimu na saikolojia.

Scope

Inashughulikia upimaji wa akili na uwezo, vipimo vya mafanikio na utu, ujenzi wa majaribio, na matumizi na migogoro ya upimaji.

Sub-topics

• Affective Measures
• Measures (Individuals)
• Association Measures
• Attitude Measures
• Interest Inventories
• Personality Measures
• Projective Measures
• Teacher Made Tests
• Timed Tests
• High Stakes Tests
• Standardized Tests
• Objective Tests
• Questionnaires
• Occupational Tests
• Screening Tests
• Speech Tests
• Situational Tests
• Auditory Tests
• Audiometric Tests
• Diagnostic Tests
• Biographical Inventories
• Behavior Rating Scales
• Licensing Examinations (Professions)
• Placement Tests
• Exit Examinations
• Informal Reading Inventories
• Cognitive Tests
• Achievement Tests
• Rating Scales
• Criterion Referenced Tests
• Essay Tests
• Language Tests
• Listening Comprehension Tests
• Mathematics Tests
• Norm Referenced Tests
• Performance Tests
• Reading Tests
• Science Tests
• Writing Tests
• Multiple Choice Tests
• Aptitude Tests
• Creativity Tests
• Nonverbal Tests
• Field Tests
• Preschool Tests
• Prognostic Tests
• Vision Tests
• Item Banks
• Pretests Posttests
• Maturity Tests
• Problem Sets
• College Entrance Examinations

Core questions

• Uwezo na sifa vinapimwaje kupitia majaribio?
• Majaribio na vipimo vinajengwa vipi?
• Matokeo ya majaribio yanapaswa kutafsiriwa na kutumiwaje?
• Migogoro inayozunguka upimaji ni ipi?

Key concepts

• Upimaji wa akili (intelligence testing)
• Majaribio ya uwezo na mafanikio
• Ujenzi wa kipimo (scale construction)
• Kipengele cha jumla g (the g factor)
• Uratibishaji (norming)
• Upendeleo wa majaribio (test bias)

Key theories

Upimaji wa akili (intelligence testing)

Binet na Simon waliunda jaribio la kwanza la vitendo la akili; Spearman aliendeleza dhana ya akili ya jumla (g).

Uhalali wa majaribio (validity of tests)

Cronbach na Meehl walianzisha mfumo wa kuthibitisha uhalali wa majaribio na vipimo.

History

Upimaji wa kiwango ulianza na kipimo cha akili cha Binet na uchanganuzi wa sababu wa Spearman, ukipanuka hadi majaribio ya mafanikio, uwezo, na utu, huku mjadala endelevu ukizunguka haki na matumizi.

Debates

Majaribio ya akili yanapima nini?

Mjadala unauliza kama majaribio yanakamata uwezo wa jumla (g) na jinsi yanavyotumika kwa usawa kwa makundi mbalimbali.

Key figures

• Alfred Binet
• Théodore Simon
• Charles Spearman
• Lee Cronbach

Seminal works

• binet-simon-1905
• spearman-1904
• cronbach-meehl-1955

Frequently asked questions

Kipimo cha akili (intelligence quotient) ni nini?

Alama kutoka kwa majaribio yaliyosanifiwa yanayokusudiwa kupima uwezo wa jumla wa kiakili ukilinganishwa na idadi ya watu, ikitoka kwenye kipimo cha Binet.