Upimaji wa Kielimu

Upimaji wa kielimu ni nadharia na mazoea ya kutathmini kujifunza na uwezo — kubuni, kukokotoa alama, na kuthibitisha majaribio ya kielimu.

Scope

Unashughulikia nadharia ya majaribio (ya kimapokeo na ya mwitikio wa kipengele — item response theory), uaminifu na uhalali, upangaji wa viwango na uwekaji wa vipimo, pamoja na ubunifu wa tathmini na usawa wake.

Sub-topics

• Testing Accommodations
• Test Selection
• Test Length
• Achievement Rating
• Educational Indicators
• Growth Models
• Alternative Assessment
• Informal Assessment
• Scoring Rubrics
• Writing Evaluation
• Scoring
• Test Construction
• Failure
• Predictive Measurement
• Criticism
• Observation
• Test Results
• Test Use
• Personality Assessment
• Risk Assessment
• Parent Surveys
• Causal Models
• Control Groups
• Experimental Groups
• Matched Groups
• Sample Size
• Statistical Bias
• Auditory Evaluation
• Success
• Measurement Techniques
• Grade Point Average
• Hypothesis Testing
• Classroom Observation Techniques
• Interaction Process Analysis
• Naturalistic Observation
• Benchmarking
• Comparative Analysis
• Bibliometrics
• Cluster Grouping
• Synthesis
• Correlation
• Predictor Variables
• Cohort Analysis
• Audits (Verification)
• Evaluation Criteria
• Evaluation Utilization
• Data Analysis
• Lesson Observation Criteria
• Replication (Evaluation)
• Transcripts (Written Records)
• Cognitive Measurement
• Task Analysis
• Accuracy
• Measurement
• Network Analysis
• Evaluation
• Comparative Testing
• Multitrait Multimethod Techniques
• National Norms
• Test Format
• Vocational Evaluation
• Standard Setting (Scoring)
• Educational Testing
• Systems Analysis
• Monte Carlo Methods
• Identification
• Confidence Testing
• Guessing (Tests)
• Testing Problems
• Construct Validity
• Content Validity
• Factor Structure
• Semi Structured Interviews
• Structured Interviews
• Test Content
• Critical Incidents Method
• Delphi Technique
• Hierarchical Linear Modeling
• Scores
• Policy Analysis
• Cutting Scores
• Skill Analysis
• Equated Scores
• Raw Scores
• Online Surveys
• Prediction
• Adaptive Testing
• Computer Assisted Testing
• Individual Testing
• Response Style (Tests)
• Test Items
• Testing Programs
• Grade Equivalent Scores
• Error Patterns
• Evaluation Needs
• Evaluation Problems
• Measurement Objectives
• Focus Groups
• Pretesting
• Assessment Centers (Personnel)
• Grade Prediction
• Holistic Evaluation
• Group Testing
• Selection Criteria
• Intelligence Quotient
• Local Norms
• Norms

Core questions

• Kujifunza na uwezo vinaweza kupimwa kwa usahihi vipi?
• Majaribio ya kielimu yana uaminifu na uhalali gani?
• Majaribio yanapaswa kukokotolewa alama na kupangwa vipi?
• Tathmini inaweza kufanywa ya haki vipi?

Key concepts

• Uaminifu (reliability)
• Uhalali (validity)
• Nadharia ya mwitikio wa kipengele (item response theory)
• Uwekaji wa viwango (standard setting)
• Upangaji wa alama (scaling)
• Usawa wa majaribio (test fairness)

Key theories

Nadharia ya upimaji wa kiakili

Thorndike alianzisha upimaji wa kidadi wa matokeo ya kielimu.

Uaminifu (reliability)

Alfa ya Cronbach ilisanifisha tathmini ya uaminifu wa majaribio.

Uhalali wa muundo (construct validity)

Cronbach na Meehl walirasimisha uhalali wa majaribio ya kielimu na kisaikolojia.

History

Upimaji wa kielimu ulikua kutoka nadharia ya upimaji wa kiakili ya Thorndike hadi nadharia ya kimapokeo ya majaribio (uaminifu, uhalali) na nadharia ya mwitikio wa kipengele, ambayo sasa ni muhimu katika tathmini za kipimo kikubwa.

Debates

Alama ya jaribio inamaanisha nini?

Uhalali wa muundo ulibadilisha tafsiri ya jaribio kuwa hoja inayotegemea nadharia na ushahidi.

Key figures

• Edward Thorndike
• Lee Cronbach
• Paul Meehl

Seminal works

• thorndike-1904
• cronbach-1951
• cronbach-meehl-1955

Frequently asked questions

Tofauti kati ya uaminifu na uhalali ni nini?

Uaminifu ni uthabiti wa kipimo; uhalali ni kama kipimo hicho kinapima kinachokusudiwa kupima.