Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Kiwango cha Uzembe Kazini (Workplace Incivility Scale - WIS)× | Kiwango cha Stanford cha Kuwepo Kazini× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Afya ya Kazini | Afya ya Kazini |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 2001 | 2002 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Lilia M. Cortina, Vicki J. Magley, Janet H. Williams, Regina D. Langhout; based on incivility concept by Andersson & Pearson | Clifford Koopman, Kenneth R. Pelletier, James Murray, and colleagues |
| Aina | Self-report questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Andersson, L. M., & Pearson, C. M. (1999). Tit for tat? The spiraling effect of incivility in the workplace. Academy of Management Review, 24(3), 452-471. DOI ↗ | Koopman, C., Pelletier, K. R., Murray, J. F., Sharda, C. E., Berger, M. L., Turpin, R. S., ... & Bendel, T. (2002). Stanford Presenteeism Scale: Health status and employee productivity. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 44(1), 14-20. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | WIS, Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ) - adapted | SPS-6, Presenteeism Scale |
| Zinazohusiana | 5 | 5 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The Workplace Incivility Scale (WIS) is an assessment tool measuring exposure to low-intensity interpersonal mistreatment in occupational settings. Based on the concept of 'incivility' developed by Andersson and Pearson, and operationalized by Cortina and colleagues in 2001, the WIS captures rude, condescending, and hostile communication, excluding the overt aggression characteristic of workplace bullying or harassment. Workplace incivility is increasingly recognized as a significant occupational health risk with consequences for employee wellbeing, productivity, and organizational culture. | The Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6) is a brief assessment tool measuring work productivity and performance among employees who are present at work despite health problems, personal issues, or other limitations. Developed by Koopman and colleagues in 2002, the SPS-6 quantifies the degree to which an employee's ability to concentrate, accomplish tasks, and maintain efficiency is compromised while working. Presenteeism—working while ill or impaired—is increasingly recognized as a significant occupational health concern with substantial economic and wellbeing consequences. |
| ScholarGateSeti ya data ↗ |
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