Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Tathmini ya Ucheleweshaji kwa Wanafunzi	Kiwango cha Utafutaji wa Msaada wa Kitaaluma
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Elimu	Saikolojia ya Elimu
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1984	1990s-2000s
Mwanzilishi	Solomon, Rothblum	Karabenick, S.A.; colleagues
Aina	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Solomon, L. J., & Rothblum, E. D. (1984). Academic procrastination: Frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31(4), 503-509.	Karabenick, S. A., & Knapp, J. R. (2005). Help seeking in learning. In C. E. Spielberger (Ed.), Encyclopedia of applied psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 149–160). Academic Press.
Majina mbadala	PASS	AHSS
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	The Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students is a comprehensive instrument measuring the frequency of academic procrastination across multiple task types and identifying the underlying reasons for delay. Developed by Solomon and Rothblum in 1984, the PASS provides educators and researchers with actionable data about which academic tasks students avoid and why—information critical for designing targeted interventions to improve academic performance and reduce associated stress.	The Academic Help-Seeking Scale measures students' inclination to seek academic help, their preferred sources of assistance (instructors, peers, tutors), and barriers that inhibit help-seeking (fear of judgment, embarrassment, preference for independence). Developed by Karabenick and colleagues in the 1990s, the AHSS recognizes that seeking help when confused or struggling is not a sign of weakness but a critical academic skill that separates successful from struggling students. By identifying whether students avoid help due to shame, lack of awareness, or other barriers, this scale enables targeted interventions promoting adaptive help-seeking.