Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Stanford cha Kuwepo Kazini	Kiwango cha Usawa wa Juhudi-Tuzo
Nyanja	Afya ya Kazini	Afya ya Kazini
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2002	1996
Mwanzilishi	Clifford Koopman, Kenneth R. Pelletier, James Murray, and colleagues	Johannes Siegrist
Aina	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Koopman, C., Pelletier, K. R., Murray, J. F., Sharda, C. E., Berger, M. L., Turpin, R. S., ... & Bendel, T. (2002). Stanford Presenteeism Scale: Health status and employee productivity. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 44(1), 14-20.	Siegrist, J., Starke, D., Chandola, T., Peter, I., Marmot, M., Theorell, T., ... & Fuhrer, R. (2004). The measurement of effort-reward imbalance at work: European comparisons. Social Science & Medicine, 58(8), 1483-1499.
Majina mbadala	SPS-6, Presenteeism Scale	ERI
Zinazohusiana	5	4
Muhtasari	The Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6) is a brief assessment tool measuring work productivity and performance among employees who are present at work despite health problems, personal issues, or other limitations. Developed by Koopman and colleagues in 2002, the SPS-6 quantifies the degree to which an employee's ability to concentrate, accomplish tasks, and maintain efficiency is compromised while working. Presenteeism—working while ill or impaired—is increasingly recognized as a significant occupational health concern with substantial economic and wellbeing consequences.	The Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) Scale is an occupational stress assessment tool based on a reciprocal model of work stress. Developed by Johannes Siegrist in 1996, the ERI measures the degree to which employees experience imbalance between their job efforts (demands, overcommitment) and job rewards (income, recognition, career prospects, security). The instrument is grounded in social reciprocity theory and has strong evidence linking high imbalance to cardiovascular disease, depression, and burnout.