Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Kielelezo cha Msongo wa Kazi× | Kiwango cha Mitazamo ya Kisaikolojia× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Tabia ya Shirika | Tabia ya Shirika |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1987 | 2007 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Samuel H. Osipow | Fred Luthans |
| Aina | Self-report questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Osipow, S. H., & Spokane, A. R. (1987). Occupational Stress Inventory manual (Rev. ed.). Psychological Assessment Resources. ISBN: 978-0911216929 | Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2007). Psychological capital and beyond. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195388275 |
| Majina mbadala | OSI, Osipow Scale, Job Stress Measure | PCQ-24, PsyCap, Luthans Youssef Avolio |
| Zinazohusiana | 5 | 5 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The Occupational Stress Index (OSI) is a comprehensive self-report measure of job-related stress and coping resources. Developed by Osipow and Spokane in 1987, the 140-item scale (abbreviated versions also exist) captures role overload, role boundary, role insufficiency, role ambiguity, physical environment demands, and coping resources. The OSI is grounded in stress and coping theory and predicts health outcomes, performance, and retention. | The Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24) measures psychological capital—the positive psychological resources of efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism—that enable individuals to thrive in demanding work environments. Developed by Luthans, Youssef, and Avolio in 2007, it operationalizes a positive organizational psychology framework that complements traditional competency assessments. PsyCap scores predict engagement, performance, well-being, and retention. |
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