Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Ubora wa Huduma za Hoteli	Destination Image Scale
Nyanja	Usimamizi wa Utalii	Usimamizi wa Utalii
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2003	1991
Mwanzilishi	Getty, J. M., & Getty, R. L.	Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, J. R. B.
Aina	Self-report questionnaire / Expectancy-disconfirmation scale	Self-report questionnaire / Semantic differential scale
Chanzo asilia	Getty, J. M., & Getty, R. L. (2003). Lodging quality index (LQI): Assessing Expectations and Perceptions of Lodging Quality. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 44(2), 33-46.	Baloglu, S., & Brinberg, D. (1997). Affective images of tourism destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 35(4), 11-15.
Majina mbadala	HSQS, Lodging Quality Index, LQI	DIS, Destination Perception Scale
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	The Hotel Service Quality Scale (HSQS), including the Lodging Quality Index (LQI) developed by Getty & Getty (2003), measures guest perceptions of hotel service quality across multiple dimensions (room comfort, staff responsiveness, facilities, value). Using expectancy-disconfirmation theory, it captures not only perceived quality but the gap between expectations and reality, enabling precise diagnosis of service strengths and improvement priorities. Essential for hospitality managers seeking competitive positioning through service excellence and for franchisees maintaining brand standards.	The Destination Image Scale (DIS) measures how potential or actual visitors perceive and emotionally evaluate a tourism destination. Developed by Echtner & Ritchie (1991) and extended by Baloglu & Brinberg (1997), it captures both rational beliefs about destination attributes (attractions, climate, value, safety) and affective emotional responses (excitement, pleasantness, arousal). Destination image is a primary driver of visitation intention and repeat patronage, making the DIS essential for destination marketing strategy and competitive positioning.