Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Utafiti wa vitendo vya elimu× | Mafunzo ya Somo× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Mbinu za Uwandani | Mbinu za Uwandani |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1940s (Lewin); educational context developed 1970s–1980s | Late 19th century Japan; international dissemination from 1999 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Kurt Lewin (action research foundations); Lawrence Stenhouse and John Elliott (educational adaptation) | Japanese elementary school teachers (formalized); introduced to Western research by James Stigler & James Hiebert |
| Aina≠ | Participatory qualitative research design | Collaborative practitioner inquiry / professional development research |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Elliott, J. (1991). Action Research for Educational Change. Open University Press. ISBN: 978-0335096190 | Stigler, J. W., & Hiebert, J. (1999). The Teaching Gap: Best Ideas from the World's Teachers for Improving Education in the Classroom. Free Press. ISBN: 978-0684852744 |
| Majina mbadala | EAR, practitioner research, teacher action research, classroom action research | Jugyou Kenkyuu, LS, collaborative lesson research, teaching study |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 6 | 5 |
| Muhtasari≠ | Educational action research is a cyclical, practitioner-led inquiry method in which educators systematically investigate a problem or opportunity in their own classroom or school, implement a change, observe its effects, and reflect on findings to guide the next cycle. Rooted in Kurt Lewin's action research framework and developed for educational contexts by Lawrence Stenhouse and John Elliott, it bridges the gap between educational theory and classroom practice by making teachers agents of rigorous inquiry. | Lesson study is a structured, cyclical form of professional development and educational research in which a team of teachers collaboratively plans a single 'research lesson,' observes it live in a classroom, analyzes student learning in detail, revises the lesson, and shares findings with the broader teaching community. Originating in Japanese elementary schools and brought to international attention by Stigler and Hiebert's 1999 comparative study, it has become one of the most widely adopted teacher-led inquiry methods worldwide. |
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